Review of Seepage Behaviour on Concrete Facing Rockfill Dam Based on FEM Simulation and Chemical Aspect

Abstract Concrete Facing Rockfill Dam (CFRD) is a popular type of dam for hydropower plant due to its relatively good stability than others. However, CFRD have potential technical issue concerning seepage and leakage as it has thin impermeable layer. In this study, against was evaluated by finite element simulation. facing layer foundation were assumed undergo permeability coefficient (K) increasing within 3 stages would be simulated 15 scenarios. Furthermore, chemistry analysis conducted evaluate water interaction with the foundation. FEM simulation shows that on concrete < 10 -5 m/second tends cause exceedance allowable discharge (q- > q- ). On other hand, increase failure force. According analysis, calcium ion Ca 2+ concentration 1.8 times from 13.6 meq/L 2019 sampling 24.8 2020 sampling. The sign carbonate rock water.